Boston manufacturing decline is described by Sam Bass Warner Jr.

(ca.) In Province of Reason, he subsequently writes, “Thus there began in the Boston province the long and painful process of economic obsolescence. . . The years of labor strife from the 1890s through the 1920s were followed by thirty years of mill closings, until by 1960 the textile industry had all but disappeared from the Boston province, and shoe manufacturing had become a survival of a few skillful operators who had found some specialty within national and imperial markets.”